GSA experts regularly produce studies, analyses, and briefings for decision-makers and observers in the economic and financial world. Explore them here.
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Biodiesel and ethanol put an ever-growing strain on food supply
27 July 2025
The share of food crops used for biofuels – 7% in 2023 – is set to grow further. Several major producing countries have raised their targets, dramatically increasing demand for inputs: 3% to 8.2% of global palm oil (Indonesia), 1.9% of corn and 1.2% of soybeans (Brazil). The United States could follow, adding demand equivalent to 3.9% of global soy and 2.2% of rapeseed.
The rise in sovereign bond yields in Japan reflects a shift in the growth model
1 July 2025
Japan’s long-term borrowing rates have been rising structurally since 2022, against a backdrop of returning inflation, rising interest rates, and fears of a slippage in public finances. A sustained rise in interest rates could prompt Japanese investors to turn to their domestic market, potentially destabilizing markets that are most dependent on Japanese capital flows.
Global rice market: recent return to normalcy threatened by heightened tensions between Pakistan and India?
11 May 2025
After two years of export restrictions, India lifted its embargo and allowed rice prices to return to normal. These disruptions highlighted the food vulnerabilities of certain countries. Part of their food security was ensured by exemptions and compensation from other exporters, such as Pakistan, Vietnam, and Thailand.
Four years of disruptions have profoundly reshuffled the fertilizer market
25 March 2025
The fertilizer market is emerging from four years of crisis. As prices return to historic levels, Russia has strengthened its position as leading exporter, to the detriment of Europe, while China is focusing on its domestic market. New players are emerging, such as Saudi Arabia, now hot on Morocco’s heels, and Laos, a future potash giant.
The race for strategic minerals: toward a reconfiguration of supply chains?
12 March 2025
So-called “strategic” minerals, essential to the energy and digital transition, are today at the heart of a supply chain largely dominated by China. Faced with China, Western countries are trying to redefine their supply chains, and mining countries are trying to move up the value chain by developing local refining capacities.