GSA experts regularly produce studies, analyses, and briefings for decision-makers and observers in the economic and financial world. Explore them here.
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Europe-China trade: a growing imbalance
2 November 2025
Europe is experiencing a marked deterioration in its bilateral trade balance with China, due to the combined effect of an increase in imports and a decline in exports. This deterioration, which affects most industrial sectors, reflects a loss of competitiveness that the European Union is attempting to halt.
Transition metals: despite favourable long-term demand forecasts, the nickel, lithium, and cobalt markets are experiencing overcapacity
27 October 2025
The lithium, nickel and cobalt markets are in a paradoxical situation: after experiencing a surge in prices in 2021-2022, fuelled by expectations of exponential demand linked to electric vehicles and energy storage, the trend has reversed.
The rise of stablecoins: what effects can be expected on US government bonds and the financial stability of emerging economies?
28 September 2025
Over the past five years, the stablecoin market has experienced rapid growth. The GENIUS Act, the first legal framework for stablecoins in the United States, aims to harness the growth of these currencies to bolster the hegemony of the dollar and revive demand for US bonds.
Biodiesel and ethanol put an ever-growing strain on food supply
27 July 2025
The share of food crops used for biofuels – 7% in 2023 – is set to grow further. Several major producing countries have raised their targets, dramatically increasing demand for inputs: 3% to 8.2% of global palm oil (Indonesia), 1.9% of corn and 1.2% of soybeans (Brazil). The United States could follow, adding demand equivalent to 3.9% of global soy and 2.2% of rapeseed.
The rise in sovereign bond yields in Japan reflects a shift in the growth model
1 July 2025
Japan’s long-term borrowing rates have been rising structurally since 2022, against a backdrop of returning inflation, rising interest rates, and fears of a slippage in public finances. A sustained rise in interest rates could prompt Japanese investors to turn to their domestic market, potentially destabilizing markets that are most dependent on Japanese capital flows.